This paper presents the results of a wave hindcast of a severe storm in the Southern North Sea to verify recently developed deep and shallow water source terms. The criminal act of threatening a person — usu. . [1] However, as it spread throughout the poorest areas of the rural South after the Civil War, white members operated from . During the 1890s, a series of extra-legal and illegal activities known as "whitecapping" occurred in Sevier County, Tennessee. The Whiteley rule allows law enforcement officers to rely on information from other officers to establish probable cause. (1999) apply a rescaled version of the Komen et al. 97-3-91 - Timber, trees and saw logs; penalty for tampering when injury occurs. Owing to the combination of wind and tide forcing in this shallow system, the surface and bottom boundary layers overlapped. Wind input As a further step, a wave prediction system was implemented for the . In shallow water the long-amplitude waves distort, because crests travel faster than troughs to form a profile with a steep rise and slow fall. (Bettmann Archive via Getty Images) On May 4, 1893, a group of 75 armed men surrounded a courthouse in Jackson, Mississippi, to disrupt an ongoing trial. The Improvisational Flavour of Law, the Legal Taste of Improvisation "Discordant Music: Charivaris and Whitecapping in Nineteenth-Century North America," Labour\Le Travailleur 3 . [1] However, as it spread throughout the poorest areas of the rural South after the Civil War, white members operated from . White caps were groups involved in whitecapping who were operating in southern Indiana in the late 19th century. These terms denote, respectively, wave growth by the wind, nonlinear transfer of wave energy through three-wave and four-wave interactions and wave decay due to whitecapping, bottom friction and depth-induced wave breaking. Next, for each term complete expressions are outlined. It occurred often enough to have garnered legal notice and gained a definition that focused more broadly on the use of intimidation aimed at . The lynchings followed in response to the murder of Hampton Smith.Hampton Smith was a 25 year old, although newspaper accounts covering his death inaccurately put his age at 31, married white planter who owned the Old Joyce Place, a large plantation near Morven, Georgia, in Brooks County.He was known among black workers for being an abusive boss, making it difficult for him to . The model results for Hurricane Florence, indicated that the deep water terms (wind input, whitecapping and quadruplet wave interactions) governed wave action balance on the shelf and in Onslow . A critical value of this parameter for the appreciable commencement of breaking of wind waves is 103. The ocean's effect on the intensity of tropical cyclones: Results from a simple coupled atmosphere-ocean model. 97-3-95 - Sexual battery. These deep water source terms . Beginning in the 1900s, cotton farmers throughout Arkansas, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Missouri were often the targets of night riders seeking to intimidate . bulence by the introduction of an additional term, describing dissipation of energy in the coherent structures (correspond-ing to whitecapping onsets and wave breaking) (Zakharov et al.,2009). The experiments were conducted in stable atmospheric stratification when water is colder than air. PUBLISHERS WEEKLY FEB 24, 2003. 5 203 U.S. 1 (1906). There is also a divorce "a vinculo consultation, or advice of a legal . The models were forced with the conditions experienced during a month-long field experiment in a shallow estuarine embayment, and the results were compared with . At first, I thought it might relate to the white feathers in a tar and-feathering, but I've learned it was more likely tied in with the white hoods of the Ku Klux Klan. Next, for each term complete expressions are outlined. The second definition for nightcap refers to caps worn at bedtime. 97-3-93 - Timber, trees and saw logs; penalty for tampering when death results. Whitecapping Law and Legal Definition. While the early episodes were based on traditional responses to deviant behavior in rural communities, whitecapping reflected the loss of community within the county. Time is the same as Figure 4.6. Whitecapping was a movement among farmers that occurred specifically in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. 1992; Anis and Moum 1995; Terray et al. The whitecapping term modification is proven to be decisive in the quality of the wave forecast, while the coupling is not always recommended depending on computational capabilities. This study examines the relationship of whitecapping and community in Sevier County and how it changed . Enter your search terms Submit search form: Web www.druglibrary.org: Library Highlights: Major Studies: White Caps were vigilante inheritors to codes of secrecy established by the Klan of Reconstruction. These nighttime caps were worn nearly year round in the British Isles and in Scandinavia before central heating was available. With all state legal avenues closed, the legal team defending the Elaine prisoners filed a writ of habeas corpus with Judge Trieber. White Caps used similar methods . Own your ow legal marijuana business: . in simpler terms, their ability to be employed and . MF: The other thing is a lot of poor whites are moving from the piedmont and the hills down to the Tennessee Valley or other areas, so they don't like freedmen as . 97-3-89 - Timber, trees and saw logs; tampering with to injure or harass the owner prohibited. 1. a. Winbush, the director of the Institute for Urban Research at Morgan State University and an editorial board member of the Journal of Black Studies,oversees a gathering of scholars, attorneys and grassroots activists who offer a smorgasbord of compelling arguments, most of which explain why reparations are necessary for rectifying present damage done by the U.S . The judge agreed to the writ and scheduled a hearing. (1984) whitecapping formulation in combination with the wind input expression of Janssen (1991) (the so-called WAM Cycle 4 . I want to know if there is a term for that white part of the swash. Terray et al. A waste management . As well stated in another answer, whitecaps (the white tips of waves) are a visual indicator of local wind speed over the water. The term S(<x,6) at the right hand side of the action balance equation is the source term representing the growth by wind, the wave-wave interactions and the decay by bottom friction, whitecapping and depth-induced wave breaking. a member of a minority group — with violence in an effort to compel the person either to move away or […] whitehorse-case: whitehorse case. This is a synonym for a legal separation (which is sometimes referred to as a "limited divorce"). East Texas had a terminology of racial hatred all its own. Legal terms explained: A vinculo matrimonii In our June 2013 issue, we explained the legal term "a mensa et thoro" - a Latin phrase that translates to "from board and bed". But not exactly, because it is a term for 'wave' not .the foam/the frothy part of the wave. 97-3-87 - Threats and intimidation; whitecapping. whitecapping: whitecapping. After it was institutionalized in formal law, its legal definition became more general than the specific movement itself: "Whitecapping is the crime of threatening a person with violence. The term "night riding" is frequently synonymous with "whitecapping" or "bald knobbing," all terms denoting extralegal acts of violence targeting select groups and carried out by vigilantes under cover of night or disguise. Whitecapping was a movement among farmers that happened particularly in the United States during the late 19th an; . A first group of modifications considers pure wind-sea conditions: Booij et al. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. . This study examines the relationship of whitecapping and community in Sevier County and how it changed . The following examination of these two mechanisms of enforcing popu lar standards rests upon evidence drawn from a number of Canadian and The standard was set in the case Whiteley v. They engaged in vigilante justice and lynchings and in modern times are often viewed as engaging in terrorism. [] Whippings, warning shots, threats, and the destruction of property were methods of whitecapping in the East Texas of Brown's youth. Relevant Terms. Persons are threatened in order to stop or move them away from engaging in certain businesss or occupations. 1996; Drennan et al. whitecapping spread into the rural South with white members supporting an economically driven and anti-black bias. The work was carried out in the framework of the ONR funded NOPP project (Tolman et al. . 97-3-93 - Timber, trees and saw logs; penalty for tampering when death results. (4) S d s , w ( σ , θ ) = − Γ σ ˜ k k ˜ E ( σ , θ ) where σ ˜ and k ˜ are the mean frequency and the mean wave number, respectively. The dim ensionless parameter u * 2 /vσ can be used widely as a parameter to describe the overall conditions of air-sea boundary processes, where u* is the friction velocity of air, v is the kinematic viscosity of air and s is the spectral peak frequency of the wind waves. The rate of energy dissipation grows dramatically with increasing of steepness. Charivaris and whitecapping, two prominent forms of extra-legal authority in North America that have received little scholarly attention, reveal important dimensions of the nineteenth-century past. However, violence against African Americans that resulted in devalued or confiscated property and, in some cases, precipitated migration was commonplace and widespread. Regional See shivaree. Frequency and directionally resolved wave spectra and source term balance. To achieve racial justice, we need an honest and sobering confession of our historical sins for slavery—a point in American history in which Blacks were literally the capital assets for a white landowning plantation class—and for sharecropping, "whitecapping," Jim Crow, and the exclusion of Blacks from the New Deal and postwar policies . the 1 (thē before a vowel; thə before a consonant) def.art. "whitecapping" incident that injured him seriously, and 12 rural residents were charged in Federal Court in the aftermath. Whitecaps.3 Although newspapers sometimes used the term to describe all manner of crimes inflicted by whites upon Negroes, in Mississippi whitecapping specifically meant the attempt to force a person to abandon his home and property; it meant driv-ing Negroes off land they owned or rented.4 The origin of the term "Whitecap" is unknown. . (1996) showed that near-surface dissipation scales as 2(z/H sig) , where z is the distance from the surface and H sig is the sig- White caps . The whitecapping dissipation term is implemented in SWAN by the pulse-based model due to Hasselmann (1974), the expression reformulated in terms of the wave number is given as follows. Synonyms for CAPPERS: closes, closings, conclusions, consummations, endgames, endings, ends, finales; Antonyms for CAPPERS: baselines, beginnings, dawns, day ones . The Whitecapping . 6. ady 1984) because of whitecapping breaking of surface gravity waves (Agrawal et al. Ordinarily, members of the minority groups are the victims of whitecapping. Beyond this value . With changing dynamics, these immigrants are now mostly Latino and Asian instead of Eastern European, and now Muslims, liberals, and LGBT individuals are added to the list of people hated by the various KKK splinter groups. One of the first things he did after arriving in Washington was to visit newly inaugurated Democratic President Grover Cleveland. Hodges originated as a local matter stemming from reports of "whitecapping," a practice not uncommon in the post-Reconstruction South and usually including acts of violence by whites against blacks. Whitecaps.3 Although newspapers sometimes used the term to describe all manner of crimes inflicted by whites upon Negroes, in Mississippi whitecapping specifically meant the attempt to force a person to abandon his home and property; it meant driv-ing Negroes off land they owned or rented.4 The origin of the term "Whitecap" is unknown. Match each of the following contract principles with its descriptive term: A. bargained for exchange B. both parties must agree C. of legal age D. concord of understanding and intent Consideration 2. 1. "whitecapping" incident that injured him seriously, and 12 rural residents were charged in Federal Court in the aftermath. Used before singular or plural nouns and noun phrases that denote particular, specified persons or things: the baby; the dress I wore. White Stuff Motivation Whitecapping is associated with altered state of physical air-sea interaction e.g. 97-3-87 - Threats and intimidation; whitecapping. Effective law enforcement cannot be conducted unless police officers can act on directions and information transmitted by one officer to another. The mob — consisting mostly of poor farmers and laborers — assembled to intimidate the presiding judge, who had jailed nine members of the . 1996) associated with strong winds. Public . Because the whitecapping term is the least accurate of the three terms, we focus our efforts on analyzing this term and improving model accuracy through modification of this term. Background. Even the term "whitecapping" has lost its currency. Association with separation of flow, increased momentum flux to waves, reduced tangential stress Whitecapping is a myriad of bubbles, Bubbles are responsible for a number of geochemical transfer processes Sea salt (+) aerosol "Bubble . Same as Figure 4-9 but pertaining to Hurricane Hermine. Other articles where whitecap is discussed: wave: Physical characteristics of surface waves: …pointed crests break to form whitecaps. As such waves travel into shallower water on a beach, they steepen until breaking occurs. . 97-3-95 - Sexual battery. Just wanted to add emphasis that whitecaps, as an indicator of wind, will often appear before the local formation of the sort of short, steep waves (aka "wind chop") that can be challenging for canoes and kayaks paddled by people who are accustomed to flat water. A number of modifications to the whitecapping expression have been proposed in the literature to improve the simulation results of SWAN. It was originally a ritualized form of extralegal actions to enforce community standards, appropriate behavior, and traditional rights. consultation, or advice of a legal, medical . During the 1890s, a series of extra-legal and illegal activities known as "whitecapping" occurred in Sevier County, Tennessee. Complete the sentence using each term once. <p><strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> A quantitative definition for the land-sea (coastal) transitional area is proposed here for wave . 2013) in which deep and shallow water source terms were developed for use in third-generation wave prediction models. The term S= S( ; ) at the right hand side of the action balance equation is the source term in terms of energy density, representing the e ects of generation, dissipation and nonlinear wave-wave interaction. Start studying UACCH FINAL. ... 19 Figure 4.12. b. Marszalek argues that the Murray trial exemplified the practice of "legal whitecapping, a way to rid the community . Whitecapping, a dirt farmer movement that became widespread in southwestern Mississippi during the early 1890's. The Whitecaps espoused an anti-Semitic and anti-Negro ideology, and drove black laborers off lands owned by merchants and lumber companies. 6 Id. Q&A. #3. It was originally a ritualized form of enforcing community standards, appropriate behavior and traditional rights. "Whitecapping" was an East Texas word loosely defined as violent intimidation short of death inflicted on a Negro. At first, I thought it might relate to the white feathers in a tar and-feathering, but I've learned it was more likely tied in with the white hoods of the Ku Klux Klan. A concentration on the political term for reparations will lead to a useful argument for national unity." (Pg. Wind input These terms denote, respectively, wave growth by the wind, nonlinear transfer of wave energy through three-wave and four-wave interactions and wave decay due to whitecapping, bottom friction and depth-induced wave breaking. Abstract The vertical distribution of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate was measured using an array of four acoustic Doppler velocimeters in the shallow embayment of Grizzly Bay, San Francisco Bay, California. If you have a travel lift at the coast and the lake, I think you could do it with a 3/4 ton pickup, but a ramp with no tide would be hard to launch, and a simple problem could turn into a cluster f**k (to use the technical term . A threshold power law fit is proposed for all variables, which incorporates the flexibility of a power law with the threshold behavior commonly seen in whitecapping. 4-5) He continues, "It is possible to argue for reparations on the following grounds: (1) forced migration, (2) forced deprivation of culture, (3) forced labor, and (4) forced deprivation of wealth by segregation and racism… Criminal law. Even the term "whitecapping" has lost its currency. First, a brief summary of the formulations is given below. The use of unstructured grids with a regional triangular mesh covering the entire Western Mediterranean sea is considered as the first option, providing accurate . 97-3-91 - Timber, trees and saw logs; penalty for tampering when injury occurs. The source term integration time step may be different from the propagation time step in TOMAWAC, but it should be a sub-multiple of it. Discordant Music: Charivaris and Whitecapping in Nineteenth-Century North America Popular Radicalism and the Theatrics of Rebellion: The Hybrid Discourse of Dissent in Upper Canada in the 1830s Introduction to Part 2 Thus, several source term integration time sub-steps per propagation time step can be defined. In order to give a first perspective of the wave climate, a medium-term wave analysis was carried out using in situ measured data. The legal historians who have written about Trieber 4 Morris, 125 F. at 330. They became common in the state following the American Civil War and lasted until the turn of the 20th century.
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