Agro-Ecological Zones of Pakistan. Mountain soils are both residual (i.e., formed in a stationary position) and transported. M. Kaleem Abbasi . Mud houses are also available in different areas and they contribute about 60-70 % of the built-up area in the rural and 20-30 % in the urban areas. The undulating sand dune scatters across the entire region. ECOLOGY (PAGE 50) Ecology is a system which is based on the introduction of the elements of nature. Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia and spans an area of 340,509 square miles, making Pakistan the 33rd largest country in the world.. Arable Land . The Indus Plains have been formed by the alluvium laid down from the river Indus and its tributaries. It is a 3D geological model of Pakistan that shows mainly tectonic division of mountain ranges of Pakistan. In a statement issued Thursday, FO spokesperson Zahid Hafeez Chaudhri "strongly" condemned the attack as well as the "use of Afghan soil by terrorists for activities against Pakistan". You can get crash course of Pakistan Studies (2059/02) OR Pakistan Studies (0448/02) for 2 months, and full scale (in-depth) course for 6 months at minimal . mark and shade two areas which experience low 2 . The study area. Mountains . fertile soil is found in Lahore many others although in pakistan there is desert soil mountain soil etc. Located approximately 200 kilometers (120 miles) northwest of Karachi, Hingol National Park features several distinct ecosystems. One of the main natural resources in Pakistan include arable land and the size of the arable land in the country has been fluctuating for several years, and in 2015 it was approximately 39.5% of the total land area. Most of the soils is clay and developed under floodwater. A study in Swat Valley investigated the use of pesticides and associated problems, and identified possible remedial measures of an indigenous nature. The Far North offers Pakistan's most spectacular scenery with towering snowcapped mountains, deep narrow valleys, and glaciers. Galliyat region (Lower and Upper Galliyat) covers the area between 33 ° 01' N to 34 ° 38' N and 72 ° 20' E to 73 ° 30' E (Adnan and Holscher 2010) in Abbottabad district of KPK province in Pakistan.Bagnotar was chosen as study area, which is located in Lower Galliyat and covers an area of 1600.0 ha at an altitude of 1584.0-2370.0 m a.s.l. Along the steep crests and slopes, and in the broken hill country, shallow residual soils have developed. Pakistan are located out of the monsoon rain shadow. The plains of Pakistan include coastal area, upper and lower Indus plain, the Balochistan Plateau, Salt Range . Mountain soils are found in the valleys and hill slopes of the Himalayas at altitudes of 2500 m to 3000 m. These soils are least studied and often the vegetation cover helps in their classification. Quantification of forest carbon has gained momentum after Paris Agreement in 2015. The Indus River and its tributaries drain a large part of the country. They are found in all the rivers except Southern half of River Ravi due to low volume of water. it is the detailed study of the surface features of a region. Pakistan is an oblong stretch of land between the Arabian sea and Karakoram mountains, lying diagonally between 24° N and 37° N latitudes and 61° E and 75° E longitudes, and coverin g an area of 87.98 million . Bringing research to the mountain of post consumer sweater waste WASA is in partnership with Recycle Wool / Datini Fibres a recycling company of post consumer sweater (and other garment) waste based in Karachi, Pakistan. So every year new layer of salt clay is deposited. T he forests of Pakistan reflect great physiographic, climatic and edaphic contrasts in the country. This paper deals with the determination of 226 Ra, 232 Th, 40 K and 137 Cs in 42 soil samples collected from eight towns of Hunza district, at an average altitude of 2267 m, using gamma-ray spectrometry. Flora and natural landscape of any country or region largely hinges on its climate, geography, closeness to sea and mountains besides soil type and precipitation. It is a non-working model (size: 5×6 ft approximately) supported . They are silty loam to loam in texture and dark brown in colour. Here's how you know Recycle Wool - Datini Fibres imports 3-5000 tons of post consumer sweaters a year. Most soils are given a name, which generally comes from the locale where the soil was first mapped. Relief: • Kirthar, Safed Koh, Waziristan, and Sulaiman are the parallel ranges that run from south to north. from sea shore, the altitude in Pakistan rises to 8,611 m (height of K-2, the second highest peak of the world), and temperature varies from sub-zero in the . of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Shallow residual soils have developed along the slopes and in the broken hill country. Pakistan," Mountain Research and Development 37(2 . These places like heaven slither between towering mountains, echoing in their novelty as the birds chip by and the animals . • The height expands from 2000 m to 4712 m; south to the north respectively. Give an account of the mountain ranges in Pakistan. Islamabad - The sustainable conservation and development of mountains cannot be achieved without active participation of the communities in the development projects being run by the government and the development partners, activists said on Saturday. From its source it flows from east to west between the Karakorams and the Himalayas. In the deserts; Coastal Zone. Post-fire soil erosion map for Portugal: contains the results of a study that mapped post-fire soil erosion in Portugal "Topography of Pakistan" . The peak has been marked on the map and is also the highest point in the country at 8,611 m or 28,250 ft. Over half the peaks in this northern highland region of Pakistan are above 4,500m. The geography of Pakistan (Urdu: جغرافیۂ پاکِستان ) is a profound blend of landscapes varying from plains to deserts, forests, hills, and plateaus ranging from the coastal areas of the Arabian Sea in the south to the mountains of theKarakoram range in the north. The country is drained by five rivers; namely, Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej. Get ideas for your own presentations. Survival Temperature of the Tree. Study of the natural surface features of the land like mountains, plateaus, hills etc. We reviewed published and unpublished literature on hazards, especially landslips, in Chitral and the mountainous neighboring Gilgit-Baltistan region. Ans: Mountain Ranges: The high piece of land that has rocky, uneven and steep surface is called a mountain. On the contrary, the 1980 agricultural census showed that women's participation rate in agriculture was 73% and that women accounted for 25% of all full-time and 75% of all part-time workers in agricultural households. MINERAL GEOGRAPHY OF PAKISTAN. 2807 Words; 12 Pages; Soil Development In Pakistan About 60% of Pakistan's total land area is classified as unusable for forestry or agriculture because it consists of deserts and mountains. Winter temperatures have increased in both sub-mountain and high-mountain regions during this period. Mountains - Central Plains - Rivers, Streams, and Lakes - Forests - Soils - Climate - Seismic Activity. The soils consist of silt loams to silty clays. The land surface of Pakistan is an amalgamation of varying physical properties of the earth surface, i.e., from seashore to deserts, plains and plateaus to finally towering pinnacles rising to 28,000 feet and more. Pakistan geologically overlaps both with the Indian and the Eurasian tectonic plates where its Sindh . [citation needed] It starts from South East-eastward and ends near the Karakoram pass. Hills and Mountains: A Hill is generally considered to be an elevated piece of land less than 600 - 610 meters high, and a Mountain is an elevation of land that is more than 610m high. Pakistan is richly blessed when it comes to Valleys because all over the country—you'll find many valleys scattered about in northern areas or any place where you can smell the distinctive smell of water and rainy soil. What type of climate Pakistan has? 74.3% of Pakistan's soils are composed of these six types of soil: 1. Soil survey reports include the soil survey maps and . T he forests of Pakistan reflect great physiographic, climatic and edaphic contrasts in the country. In the Indus plain excluding the deserts; Arid Zone. pakistan has tropical climate. Human development continues to lag behind most of the region. • The peaks there are not very big in . Present . NATURAL VEGETATION 5. Rakaposhi: The 'snow-covered' mountain of Pakistan Situated in Gilgit-Baltistan, Rakaposhi is the 27th tallest mountain in the world and 12th in Pakistan. In the narrow coastal strip of Pakistan; 1.3 Factors Affecting Temperature. Geography - note: Pakistan and ICIMOD have been working together for the mountain agenda in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region with policy-makers, experts, planners, and practitioners. The carbon nitrogen ratio is very wide. Also, the 1990- 1991 Pakistan Integrated Household Survey indicated that the female labour force participation rate was 45% . In all the mountains of Pakistan, and the high areas of Balochistan; Low Land Zone. The military's media wing further said the Pakistan Army troops responded promptly to the attack. Mountain Soils Mountain soils occur in the highland areas of the north and west, and are residual as well as transported. From the lofty mountains in the north to the southeastern and southwestern deserts, there is great variety… In Pakistan, soil, sand and bricks are commonly used as building materials. . After the partition of India, Pakistan inherited parts of western and the eastern flanks of the extra-peninsular mountains with their complex rock structure, deep and narrow but soil covered valleys, with powerful waterfalls and snow crested peaks, as well as part of the plains, flat wide, spacious and covered . Temperate and subtropical mountain systems of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province host about one third of Pakistan's 4.51 million ha forests. These soils have low content of organic matter and salt. According to the published data, 60.4 % of the indoor radon comes from the ground and surrounding soil of building . The model demonstrates the major/famous deposits of Pakistan like Petroleum, Minerals/Gemstones, Uranium, Coal including other geographical features like dams and rivers. Present study estimated forest carbon stocks in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. 5 . Of these Indus arising in snow-covered northern mountain ranges flows towards south through the Punjab and Sindh plains into a wide delta before entering the Arabian sea. FORESTS OF PAKISTAN. It is also famously known as the Great Indian Desert. of commercial N fertilizers is an important management strategy for sustainable agriculture production systems in mountain upland soils subjected to continuous . According to the Soil Survey of Pakistan (Mian and Javed, 1993), 2.8 million hectares of irrigated land is affected by salinity ranging from patchy salinity to dense saline sodic soils. Wet Mountains Abbottabad, Hazara, Mansehra, Kohistan, Haripur, Battagram . ff Soils of Pakistan Soil provide many important functions for plants, animals and humans. The soil cover on slopes is extremely thin; the mountains have . The highest point is near Sakesar, which is 1,500 meters. These elements are: 1. Construction began in the early 1960's, follow-ing extensive surveys and planning. Soil samples were analyzed and a detailed survey was done in 12 villages, based on interviews with 216 farmers and several in . 1.2 Climatic Zones Present in Pakistan. Balochistan (/ b ə ˌ l ɒ tʃ ɪ ˈ s t ɑː n,-s t æ n /; Balochi: بلوچستان) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan.It is the largest province in terms of land area, forming the southwestern region of the country, but is the least populated. . Its average height is 2,200 feet, and its highest altitude, at Sakesar mountain, is 4,992 feet (1,522 m). • Among them the Suleman mountains, Karakoram mountains, Kirther mountains, Salt range, Kala chitta, Himalyas and Hindukush are note worhty. The tree is known as the best tolerant of heat and humidity. In the north, it includes an arid subtropical forest, while dry, mountainous terrain covers the western portion. . Wet Mountains - High Mountains. In the east, the park is renowned for a group of mud volcanoes that spew methane and mud instead of lava. Flora of Pakistan. The total area of this ecoregion is 77,000 square miles, out of which 12,000 square miles (30,000 square kilometers) is present in Pakistan. Indus Delta Soils These soils cover the river Indus Delta. Land is barren whereas soil is thin . Mountains and Hills of Sub-Himalayas, or the Siwaliks The Sub-Himalayas or Siwaliks are the southern-most ranges in Pakistan, located in the Punjab province. Mountains of pakistan by Amina Ahsan Hello everyone, I am amina Ahsan a 17 years old Pakistani blog writer , this site is about mountains of pakistan and the areas around it (valleys,lakes, villages, glacier,roads,passes) and plus i will be writing stories of people who visit mountains and blog on mountaineers too ♥️ Highland Zone. Limited or no agriculture due to less rainfall and soil quality; Mountains are uneven . When they get mature, they become drought resistant. A large desert borders Pakistan, . MORE TREES, LESS RISK Besides making life easier for people in the villages, in Pakistan's Gilgit-Baltistan province, hydropower has slowed deforestation - rampant in many mountain areas of Pakistan - and cut landslide risks as more trees are left standing to hold the soil, local people say. Pakistan is an oblong stretch of land between the Arabian sea and Karakoram mountains, lying diagonally between 24° N and 37° N latitudes and 61° E and 75° E longitudes, and coverin g an area of 87.98 million . Altitude's effect on temperature • They are bordered to the northwest by . Khaddar soils are also formed along the rivers. mountain area is the Pothohar Plateau (32 13′-34 22′ N, 71 18′-73 57′E), with an area of about 22 ha. Chambeili ( Jasmine ) The National Flower of Pakistan. The Indus River rises in southwestern Tibet and drains into the Arabian Sea. Many are downloadable. Introduction Soil degradation due to unsustainable land use and climate change is a global problem and the biggest challenge for sustainability in mountainous region [1]. Forests are important carbon pools as they provide pathway to mitigate climate change. Named soils are referred to as soil series. Those soils generally are strongly calcareous and have low organic content, but under subhumid conditions their organic content increases. Learn new and interesting things. The results indicate that the maximum temperatures have increased all around the year particularly in the high mountain region during the last 30 years. The Univ. The soil classifies for getting the better result from Pakistan's agriculture and soil classification identifies the soil category of area features, climatic conditions and types of soil and after classification divided the areas according to soil categories. Abstract. The central part of the plateau consists of plain and ravine The calculation s (Van Wambeke, 1985; SCS-USDA, 1990) are supplemented by our own field experience (Soil Survey staff-SSP, 1965 to 1994) 24. Natural resources include such sources as, manpower, rivers, seas, mountains, forests, minerals, animal sources and mineral resources. Soil samples from agricultural fields on slopes were taken and analyzed to ascertain soil type, structure, and water retention capacity. 6.6% Rock out-crop and loamy soils, very shallow 5. Since then, rapid growth It may cause problems . The natural resources of Pakistan are briefly . ters of the Pakistan Armed Forces. 14.7% Rolling/hilly sandy soils 3. However, the mountain is more known for. They do not rise to great heights. The map of Pakistan indicates its major cities, including the capital city of Islamabad and other important cities like Multan, Karachi, Faisalabad, Hyderabad and Gujranwala. • There are several valleys and low-lying basins including Bannu valley, Kohat valley, and the valley of Peshawar. Soil Formation and Classification. The tree survives in moist soil. View Types Of Soil In Pakistan PPTs online, safely and virus-free! Key Words: Land degradation, Mountain soil, qPCR, Soil health, Soil organic matter. Pakistan geologically overlaps both with the Indian and the Eurasian tectonic plateswhere its Sindh and Punjab . It is between Pakistan, spanning about 510 km and the people's republic of China. ASIA - Some of the highest mountain peaks are covered with glaciers and snow year round. The activity concentration data were analysed for frequency distribution and other descriptive measures. Maximum widths of these doabs are 24-40 km along River Indus and 3-5 km along River Ravi. The most important is for supporting growing crops, plants and trees. They extent from Hyderabad to the south coastal area. Mud houses are also available in different areas and they contribute about 60-70 % of the built-up area in the rural and 20-30 % in the urban areas. SOIL - the type of soil is a result of climate and land 4. Up to date soil series identified are 894 but Generally the soils are categorized in 25 types of soils. Climate of Pakistan Factors affecting I determining climate of Pakistan Sub-tropical location of Pakistan makes it receive direct sunrays and as a result generally high temperature in most areas of Pakistan. Temperate and subtropical mountain systems of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province host about one third of Pakistan's 4.51 million ha forests. Khalid Mahmood Islamabad is a planned city in a beautiful setting at the foot of the mountains immediately north of Rawalpindi, con-structed to serve as capital of the newly independent country of Pakistan. Pakistan could generate around 100,000 megawatts of hydroelectricity, through both large and small hydropower projects, according to a 2006 report by the Pakistan Alternative Energy Development Board. The annual rainfall ranges from 125 mm in the . 30.6% Mountain/Valley: Patchy soils that are a loamy-gravelly mix 2. Pakistan is an oblong stretch of land between the Arabian sea and Karakoram mountains, lying diagonally between 24° N and 37° N latitudes and 61° E and 75° E longitudes, and covering an area of 87.98 million hectares. The Generalized soil map at 1: 24,000 is given for soil complexes. The term natural resources apply to the resources endowed by nature in addition to the factors that help in the production of wealth and in the economic growth. Under arid and semi-arid conditions, these soils are usually strongly calcareous, with low organic content. Pesticides are increasingly used in Pakistan, including in remote Northern areas in the country, for several reasons. This information is a prerequisite for REDD+ implementation and carbon trading. Soils and land use • Soils in valleys is deep and clayey and on mountain slopes shallow; non-calcareous acid (pH 5.5-6.5) above 2100 m altitude and calcareous at lower altitude • Most of the area is used for grazing; a part under scrub forest. ICIMOD provides support to Pakistan in terms of capacity building, strengthening institutional capacity, research and demonstrations and providing regional and international . N estled at the foot of five snow-capped mountain peaks in Pakistan's northern Gilgit-Baltistan province, the villages of the Bagrot valley face fearsome flooding risks. • The Himalayas stretch continuously for about 2500 km from east to west. The world's second highest mountain, K-2, is located in the Far North, as are a dozen other peaks of more than 25,000 feet elevation, including Nanga Parbat, Gasherbrun, and Rakaposhi. 11.4% Loamy-clayey soils 4. The Northern Mountains and North Western Mountains • To the north, north-east and north-west of Pakistan there lie three ranges of mountains • Amongst these ranges lies the great Himalayas • Which the people of central and south Asia consider to be the roof of the world. Effects of Topography:In Balochistan, the soil lacks in fertility due to soil erosion. Plains and Plateaus. • The mean daily summer maximum temperature In the end, on 1963 3 rd march, both of these governments of Beijing and Islamabad agreed. Their average height is 600-1,200 meters. The desert forms a natural boundary between India and Pakistan. Soil Requirement. In Pakistan, soil, sand and bricks are commonly used as building materials. Soil Horizons (1960-2015) Field, Lab, Earth Podcast . This line was resolute from 1961 to 1965 by the series of agreements between Pakistan and China. prevention and control of soil erosion in Pakistan and for the understanding of the ecological environment . LAND-which includes lands plateaus and mountains 2.CLIMATE-which includes sunshine, rain, temperature, winds, air pressure.Climate is effected by landscape 3. These are good farming areas of Pakistan because it is covered with alluvium soil. Section 7: Forests of Pakistan. resources and agriculture in the mountain areas in particular and for Pakistan in general. Topographically, Sindh can be divided into 4 distinct parts with the dry and barren Kirthar Range in the West, a Central Alluvial Plain bisected by the River Indus, a desert belt in the East and the Indus delta in the South. The Indus plain consists of two features; the alluvial plain and sand-dunal deserts. Pakistan has the following mountain ranges. Diversity of topography is another major factor. The tree needs plenty of watering at the early stage of growth. The forests of Pakistan reflect great physiographic, climatic and edaphic contrasts in the country.
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